Randomized Clinical Trials vs. Observational Studies

Which is best for your research question?

Autores

  • Fernando Zanela da Silva Arêas Baylor Scott and White Research Institute

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47456/rbps.v27i1.49989

Palavras-chave:

Randomized clinical trials, Oobservational studies, Clinical research, Study design, Evidence-based medicine

Resumo

The choice of the most appropriate study design in clinical research should not be reduced to a rigid hierarchy of evidence. While Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) are often considered the gold standard, their superiority over observational studies depends on the research question, ethical considerations, feasibility, and clinical context. Well-designed observational studies can yield results consistent with RCTs and are especially valuable for investigating prognosis, incidence, prevalence, and long-term safety in real-world practice. Conversely, RCTs provide strong internal validity but may lack external applicability due to strict eligibility criteria. In several fields — such as rehabilitation, palliative care, mental health, and rare diseases — RCTs face practical and ethical limitations, reinforcing the role of observational research. Ultimately, the reliability of evidence depends less on the study label than on methodological rigor, validity, and applicability. Rather than debating superiority, RCTs and observational studies should be seen as complementary approaches that, together, strengthen clinical decision-making.

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Referências

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Publicado

06.09.2025

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1.
Randomized Clinical Trials vs. Observational Studies: Which is best for your research question?. RBPS [Internet]. 6º de setembro de 2025 [citado 14º de novembro de 2025];27(1):e49989. Disponível em: https://publicacoes.ufes.br/rbps/article/view/49989

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